GLM-4-9B-0414

Introduction

The GLM family welcomes new members, the GLM-4-32B-0414 series models, featuring 32 billion parameters. Its performance is comparable to OpenAI’s GPT series and DeepSeek’s V3/R1 series. It also supports very user-friendly local deployment features. GLM-4-32B-Base-0414 was pre-trained on 15T of high-quality data, including substantial reasoning-type synthetic data. This lays the foundation for subsequent reinforcement learning extensions. In the post-training stage, the GLM team employed human preference alignment for dialogue scenarios. Additionally, techniques like rejection sampling and reinforcement learning were used to enhance the model’s performance in instruction following, engineering code, and function calling, thus strengthening the atomic capabilities required for agent tasks. GLM-4-32B-0414 achieves good results in engineering code, Artifact generation, function calling, search-based Q&A, and report generation. In particular, on several benchmarks, such as code generation or specific Q&A tasks, GLM-4-32B-Base-0414 achieves comparable performance with those larger models like GPT-4o and DeepSeek-V3-0324 (671B).

GLM-Z1-32B-0414 is a reasoning model with deep thinking capabilities. This was developed based on GLM-4-32B-0414 through cold start, extended reinforcement learning, and further training on tasks including mathematics, code, and logic. Compared to the base model, GLM-Z1-32B-0414 significantly improves mathematical abilities and the capability to solve complex tasks. During training, the GLM team also introduced general reinforcement learning based on pairwise ranking feedback, which enhances the model's general capabilities.

GLM-Z1-Rumination-32B-0414 is a deep reasoning model with rumination capabilities (against OpenAI's Deep Research). Unlike typical deep thinking models, the rumination model is capable of deeper and longer thinking to solve more open-ended and complex problems (e.g., writing a comparative analysis of AI development in two cities and their future development plans). Z1-Rumination is trained through scaling end-to-end reinforcement learning with responses graded by the ground truth answers or rubrics and can make use of search tools during its deep thinking process to handle complex tasks. The model shows significant improvements in research-style writing and complex tasks.

Finally, GLM-Z1-9B-0414 is presented as a small-model highlight. The GLM team employed all the aforementioned techniques to train a small model (9B). GLM-Z1-9B-0414 exhibits excellent capabilities in mathematical reasoning and general tasks. Its overall performance is top-ranked among all open-source models of the same size. Especially in resource-constrained scenarios, this model achieves an excellent balance between efficiency and effectiveness, providing a powerful option for users seeking lightweight deployment.